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01277_Field_102.cap.txt
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185 lines
@
Martin Luther
King knew that
reconciliation
between blacks
and whites was
as important as
winning the hard
political struggle.
He set out to
conquer the laws
on segregation,
but also to
defeat the racial
prejudices which
made such
laws possible
#
King never used
violence as a
political weapon,
though he was
often subjected
to violence. From
the earliest days
of the bus boycotts
in 1955 until his
death in 1968,
King insisted that
peaceful protest
was the only
moral option
#
In the southern
states of America
in the Fifties,
black people were
forbidden by law
to drink from the
same taps as
whites. Neither
could they eat in
the same canteens
as whites, learn in
the same schools,
or worship in the
same churches
#
Violence flared
in Montgomery,
Alabama in 1961
when young
'Freedom Riders'
challenged the
segregation of
whites and blacks
on interstate
buses. King went
to Montgomery,
where he and his
followers found
themselves locked
inside a church
while white
segregationists
vented their
anger outside
#
With King at its
head, the civil
rights movement
was unstoppable.
In August 1963, at
the foot of the
Lincoln Memorial
in Washington,
Martin Luther King
told the largest
demonstration
ever assembled
about his dream
of equality and
integration
#
King concluded
the speech by
saying "We will
hew hope out of
the mountain of
despair. Let
freedom ring."
He then went on
to describe a land
where his people
would be "free at
last, free at last,
thank God Almighty,
free at last."
#
After the signing
of the civil rights
bill there was a
backlash of white
racist terrorism
against southern
blacks. Chapters
of the Ku Klux
Klan organised
themselves to
take back the
victories which
the civil rights
movement had
already won
@
In 1964, with
Martin Luther
King at his side,
president Johnson
signed the civil
rights bill, making
the segregation of
public services
illegal. It was a
great victory,
enshrining the
principle that all
are entitled to
equal treatment
in a free country
#
The murder of
Martin Luther
King sparked a
wave of rioting
and violence
across the
country - the
very last thing he
would have
wanted. Forty
blacks and five
whites died on
the first night,
and thousands
were injured in
fighting and
looting
#
Martin Luther
King hoped that a
black person
might become
president of the
United States
before the end of
the century. That
prospect still
seems some way
off, but perhaps
the dream he
dreamed in 1963
is a little closer to
coming true
#
The day before
he died King told
a congregation:
"I've been to the
mountain top...
I've looked over
and seen the
Promised Land. I
may not get there
with you, but I'm
happy tonight.
I'm not worried
about anything.
I'm not fearing
any man. Mine
eyes have seen
the glory..."
@